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List of monarchs of Northumbria

Northumbria, an kingdom of Angles in northern England, was initially divided into two kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira. The two were first united by Aethelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so.

The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King Edwin in battle and the subsequent ruinous invasion of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd. The unity of the Northumbrian kingdoms was restored after Cadwallon's death in battle in 634.

Another exception is a period from about the year 644 to 664, when kings ruled individually over Deira; however, these were merely sub-kings and rarely exercised much independence. In 670, the brother of King Ecgfrith, Aelfwine, was made king of Deira, but by this point the title appears to have been little more than a formality, perhaps meant to designate Aelfwine as Ecgfrith's heir. Aelfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of Norse rule.

The following is a list of the kings of Bernicia, Deira, and Northumbria. Note that many of their dates, particularly in the earlier period, are considered unreliable.

Kings of Bernicia

Esa fl. 500
Eoppa fl. c.520
Ida 547 - 559
Glappa 559 - 560
Adda 560 - 568
Aethelric 568 - 572
Theodric 572 - 579
Frithuwald 579 - 585
Hussa 585 - 593
Aethelfrith 593 - 616
Edwin (St.) 616 - 633
Eanfrith 633 - 634
Oswald 634 - 642
Oswiu 642 - 670

Kings of Deira
Aella 559 - 589
Aethelric 589 - 604
Aethelfrith 604 - 616
Edwin (St.) 616 - 633
Osric 633 - 634
Oswald (St.) 634 - 642
Oswiu 642 - 644
Oswine (St.) 644 - 651
Aethelwald 651 - 656
Alchfrith 656 - 664
Oswiu 664 - 670 (again)
Aelfwine 670 - 679

Kings of Northumbria

Oswiu 664 - 670
Ecgfrith 670 - 685
Aldfrith 685 - 704
Eadwulf 704 - 705
Osred I 705 - 716
Coenred 716 - 718
Osric 718 - 729
Ceolwulf (St.) 729 - 737
Eadberht 737 - 758
Oswulf 758 - 759
Aethelwald Moll 759 - 765
Ealchred 765 - 774
Aethelred I 774 - 779
Aelfwald I 779 - 789
Osred II 789 - 790
Aethelred I (again) 790 - 796
Osbald 796
Eardwulf 796 - 806
Aelfwald II 806 - 808
Eardwulf (again) 808 - 810
Eanred 810 - 841
Aethelred II 841 - 844
Raedwulf 844
Aethelred II (again) 844 - 848
Osbeorht 848 - 863
Aelle II 863 - 867

Sub-Kings under Norse York Rule

Ecgberht I 867 - 872
Ricsige 872 - 876
Ecgberht II 876 - 878

Deira under Norse York Control from 878

Eadulf ? - 913
Ealdred I 913 - 930
Osulf 930 - 963
Waltheof 963 - 970
Uchtred the Bold 995 - 1016
Eadulf I 1016 - 1019
Ealdred II 1019 - 1038
Eadulf II 1038 - 1041

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